[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/uloha-financni-gramotnosti-v-dnesnim-svete\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/uloha-financni-gramotnosti-v-dnesnim-svete\/","headline":"\u00daloha finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b","name":"\u00daloha finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b","description":"P\u0159esto\u017ee je od roku 2003 na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch povinn\u00e1 v\u00fduka finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti, st\u00e1le je mezi obyvateli \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky mnoho t\u011bch, kter\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnost nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1. S pen\u011bzi, kter\u00fdmi (ne)disponuj\u00ed neum\u00ed zach\u00e1zet, vytloukaj\u00ed kl\u00edn kl\u00ednem, tedy dluhy spl\u00e1cej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u016fj\u010dkami a dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed se tak do neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9ho kolob\u011bhu existen\u010dn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnost Co je finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnost? Je to […]","datePublished":"2020-02-21","dateModified":"2023-06-09","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/418160ee289a2fec3674f670db35c39ff464fe73fac536520dac7def2cfdeb26?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/418160ee289a2fec3674f670db35c39ff464fe73fac536520dac7def2cfdeb26?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"labo-net.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a371654_w4260_t1582970572.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a371654_w4260_t1582970572.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/uloha-financni-gramotnosti-v-dnesnim-svete\/","about":["Finance"],"wordCount":1035,"articleBody":"P\u0159esto\u017ee je od roku 2003 na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch povinn\u00e1 v\u00fduka finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti, st\u00e1le je mezi obyvateli \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky mnoho t\u011bch, kter\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnost nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1. S pen\u011bzi, kter\u00fdmi (ne)disponuj\u00ed neum\u00ed zach\u00e1zet, vytloukaj\u00ed kl\u00edn kl\u00ednem, tedy dluhy spl\u00e1cej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u016fj\u010dkami a dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed se tak do neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9ho kolob\u011bhu existen\u010dn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.\tFinan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnost\tCo je finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnost? Je to soubor znalost\u00ed a dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bku umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed porozum\u011bt financ\u00edm a spr\u00e1vn\u011b s nimi zach\u00e1zet v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch. „Bohu\u017eel“, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 meta, podle kter\u00e9 by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee je \u010dlov\u011bk finan\u010dn\u011b (ne)gramotn\u00fd. V r\u00e1mci rozvoje informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017eeme transakce a v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed procesy prov\u00e1d\u011bt online, se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me finan\u010dn\u011b realizovat mnohem d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 generace. Proto je v\u00fduka finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch v\u00edce ne\u017e pot\u0159ebn\u00e1, nebo\u0165 jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 star\u00e9 moudro, „Co se v ml\u00e1d\u00ed nau\u010d\u00ed\u0161, ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jako kdy\u017e najde\u0161.“. Impuls pro v\u00fduku p\u0159i\u0161el v dob\u011b posledn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 krize. V roce 2008 byla dokonce vytvo\u0159ena Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed skupina pro finan\u010dn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 2007 spojilo Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed, ml\u00e1de\u017ee a t\u011blov\u00fdchovy s Ministerstvem financ\u00ed s\u00edly a vydaly tzv. Standardy finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti, kter\u00e9 byly postupn\u011b za\u0159azov\u00e1ny do r\u00e1mcov\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f ve st\u0159edn\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Jistou motivac\u00ed pro \u017e\u00e1ky je i \u0161koln\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e na podporu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti financ\u00ed, kter\u00e1 funguje od roku 2009.\tRoviny finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti (podle OECD – Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj)\tOECD rozli\u0161uje t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed roviny finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti:\t·         z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vrstva,\t·         vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148,\t·         nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148.\t\tV z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vrstv\u011b jsou obsa\u017eeny principy, ke kter\u00fdm nen\u00ed t\u0159eba mnoho matematick\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed. Ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti \u010dlov\u011bk b\u00fdv\u00e1 schopen principy z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vrstvy aplikovat v praxi. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zahrnuje schopnost aplikovat v\u0161echny principy ve slo\u017eit\u00fdch souvislostech a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch, odli\u0161n\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch i s ohledem na sv\u016fj soci\u00e1ln\u00ed (nejen finan\u010dn\u00ed) \u017eivot. Tyto roviny, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme nazvat kognitivn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami, se daj\u00ed nau\u010dit ve \u0161kole. Finan\u010dn\u011b gramotn\u00e1 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ale ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i nekognitivn\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed proces bohu\u017eel ovlivnit nedok\u00e1\u017ee.\tKognitivn\u00ed slo\u017eky jsou d\u00e1le d\u011bleny na tzv. kognitivn\u00ed faktory. Ty jsou rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00ed oblast\u00ed: fakta, procesy a situa\u010dn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed neboli kontext. V obsahov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti se bav\u00edme o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pojmech, jako jsou nap\u0159. pen\u00edze, transakce, p\u016fj\u010dka apod. a o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch operac\u00edch s pen\u011bzi (platby kartou, hotov\u011b, slo\u017eenkou atd.). \u017d\u00e1ci si tak\u00e9 zkou\u0161\u00ed napl\u00e1novat a spravovat rodinn\u00fd rozpo\u010det, u\u010d\u00ed se posuzovat rizika a o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd zisk. V procesn\u00ed f\u00e1zi se vyu\u010duje identifikaci finan\u010dn\u00edch informac\u00ed, jejich anal\u00fdze, posouzen\u00ed v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch souvislostech, a nakonec aplikaci znalost\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed praktick\u00e9 situace, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba doj\u00edt ke zd\u00e1rn\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, nap\u0159.: „\u010clov\u011bk pracuje za 70 K\u010d na hodinu, dvan\u00e1ct hodin v m\u011bs\u00edci. Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc polovinu v\u00fdd\u011blku odlo\u017e\u00ed stranou. Kolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f mus\u00ed pracovat, aby mohl jet na v\u00fdlet za 3 000 K\u010d?“. V situa\u010dn\u00edm kontextu je obsa\u017eeno vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce, tedy posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f, pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo apod. V\u011bnuje se individu\u00e1ln\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m (n\u00e1klady na z\u00e1bavu a voln\u00fd \u010das, n\u00e1kup elektroniky, smlouvy s oper\u00e1torem, …) a spole\u010densk\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti.\tCo se ve \u0161kole ji\u017e nevyu\u010duje, jsou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 nekognitivn\u00ed faktory. T\u011bmi jsou nap\u0159. p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edstup k samotn\u00fdm pen\u011bz\u016fm a finan\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm, osobn\u00ed postoj k finan\u010dn\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m a skute\u010dn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, utr\u00e1cen\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz.\tV sou\u010dasnosti m\u016f\u017eeme zaslechnout z r\u016fzn\u00fdch kout\u016f v\u011btu „Vy mlad\u00ed si nev\u00e1\u017e\u00edte pen\u011bz, neum\u00edte s nimi zach\u00e1zet.“. Je to mo\u017en\u00e1 pravda, ale pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee mlad\u00fdm \u010dastokr\u00e1t ned\u00e1 spole\u010dnost \u0161anci, nau\u010dit se zach\u00e1zet s pen\u011bzi. Uk\u00e1zkou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159. slo\u017eitost z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed hypot\u00e9ky pro mlad\u00fd p\u00e1r. P\u0159itom sta\u010d\u00ed takov\u00e1 mali\u010dkost, jako je kapesn\u00e9 (pokud je zde mo\u017enost). \u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee sv\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti, kter\u00e9mu zaplat\u00edte \u0161kolu, doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, j\u00eddlo, energie, krou\u017eky apod., d\u00e1te 200 K\u010d m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b na „vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1bavu“. Nic v\u00edc, nic m\u00ed\u0148. Pokud utrat\u00ed v\u0161e hned prvn\u00ed t\u00fdden, je to jeho probl\u00e9m. Zbyl\u00e9 t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i t\u00fddny utr\u00e1cet nebude. Postupn\u011b se nau\u010d\u00ed vych\u00e1zet s m\u00e1lem, za\u010dne \u0161et\u0159it, rozumn\u011b nakl\u00e1dat s pen\u011bzi, a t\u00edm p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de, \u017ee mu mohou kapesn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it, nebo nau\u010d\u00ed tomu, \u017ee pokud chce v\u00edc pen\u011bz, mus\u00ed si je vyd\u011blat a za\u010dne uva\u017eovat o brig\u00e1d\u011b. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti financ\u00ed nen\u00ed jen \u00falohou \u0161koly, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00falohou rodi\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jdou sv\u00fdm d\u011btem p\u0159\u00edkladem.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u00daloha finan\u010dn\u00ed gramotnosti v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b","item":"https:\/\/www.labo-net.cz\/uloha-financni-gramotnosti-v-dnesnim-svete\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]